Best Self Hosted Alternatives to Appgate SDP

NetBird is an open-source private networking platform that creates a WireGuard-based overlay connecting devices across environments without configuring VPN gateways. It provides centralized access control and a management UI for policy enforcement across Linux, macOS, Windows, Android and iOS.

Key Features

• Kernel WireGuard integration
• Admin Web UI
• SSO & MFA support
• Public API
• Cross-platform clients (Linux, Mac, Windows, Android, iOS)
• Peer-to-peer connections with auto peer discovery
• Access control - groups & rules
• Setup keys for bulk provisioning
• NAT traversal with TURN fallback
• Identity provider integrations
• Activity logging
• Self-hosting via Docker and docker-compose
• Private DNS
• Docker-based quickstart script

Use Cases

• Secure remote access to private resources across distributed teams
• Site-to-site private networks across cloud/infrastructure
• Least-privilege access control with per-group policies via IdPs

Limitations and Considerations

• Self-hosted deployments require a publicly accessible Linux host and opening specific ports; NAT traversal can fail in strict networks, in which case a TURN relay is used

Conclusion

NetBird unifies a WireGuard-based overlay with centralized access control and identity-aware policies, enabling zero-configuration, scalable private networks across heterogeneous environments. It supports cloud-hosted or self-hosted deployments with an admin UI and REST API for managing peers and policies.

Teleport is an identity and access platform that provides secure connectivity, authentication, authorization, and auditing for infrastructure. It replaces long-lived SSH keys, static tokens, and traditional bastions/VPN approaches with an identity-aware access proxy and short-lived certificates.

Key Features

• Single sign-on for infrastructure via OIDC and SAML integrations
• Multi-factor authentication and support for modern authenticators (including FIDO2/WebAuthn)
• Short-lived, certificate-based access for SSH, Kubernetes, databases, and other resource types
• Role-based access control with support for fine-grained policies and just-in-time elevation workflows
• Session recording and audit trails across SSH, Kubernetes, database, RDP, and web application access
• Secure tunneling to reach resources behind NATs and firewalls without exposing inbound ports
• Web UI and CLI for resource discovery, access, and operational visibility

Use Cases

• Centralize secure admin access to servers, clusters, and databases without distributing keys
• Provide audited access to sensitive environments (production, regulated systems) with MFA and approvals
• Enable secure remote access to internal web apps and desktops for support and operations teams

Limitations and Considerations

• Full functionality spans multiple protocols and resource types, which can increase deployment and policy complexity in larger environments

Teleport is well-suited for teams that need a unified access layer across diverse infrastructure and want consistent identity-based controls. Its combination of SSO/MFA, short-lived credentials, and detailed auditing helps reduce risk while improving operational access workflows.

Pangolin is an identity-based remote access platform built on WireGuard that securely routes traffic to private and public resources across multiple networks. It combines VPN-style connectivity with browser-based reverse proxy access to applications, using zero-trust access controls.

Key Features

• WireGuard-based tunnels to connect remote networks (“sites”) without exposing ports or requiring public IPs
• Browser-based access to web applications via identity- and context-aware tunneled reverse proxy
• Client-based access to private resources (for example SSH, databases, RDP, and network ranges)
• Granular zero-trust access controls so users only reach explicitly allowed resources
• SSO and OIDC support, plus additional authentication options such as PIN and passwords
• Centralized dashboard to manage applications across networks, with access logging and policy enforcement
• Automatic TLS/SSL certificate handling for proxied apps

Use Cases

• Provide secure access to internal tools (Grafana, Bitwarden, admin panels) across offices, cloud VPCs, and edge locations
• Replace or complement traditional VPNs with per-application access and stronger identity enforcement
• Publish self-hosted web apps safely without directly exposing the underlying network

Limitations and Considerations

• Dual-licensed: Community Edition under AGPL-3, with separate enterprise/commercial licensing terms

Pangolin is well-suited for teams and homelabs that need identity-aware access to distributed networks and apps. It emphasizes minimizing network exposure while still enabling convenient browser and client access to protected resources.

OpenVPN is an open-source VPN daemon that implements SSL/TLS-based secure tunneling for creating encrypted network connections. It supports both certificate-based and pre-shared-key modes, virtual TUN/TAP interfaces, and is portable across major operating systems.

Key Features

• TLS/SSL-based authentication and encryption using the OpenSSL ecosystem
• Supports multiple modes: SSL/TLS client-server, static key (pre-shared), routed (tun) and bridged (tap)
• Works with TUN/TAP virtual network interfaces for flexible routing and bridging
• Extensive configurability via command-line options and config files; sample configs and scripts included
• Cross-platform codebase with primary implementation in C and build support for Unix-like systems and Windows
• Multiple authentication and integration options for Access Server (local, PAM, RADIUS, LDAP, SAML) and extensible scripting hooks
• Build and packaging support via Autotools and CMake; project maintained on a public Git repository

Use Cases

• Secure remote-access VPN for employees connecting to corporate networks
• Site-to-site encrypted tunnels to link branch offices or cloud networks
• Enabling secure access to internal services and resources from untrusted networks

Limitations and Considerations

• PKI and certificate management can be complex for new administrators; external tooling or guides are typically required
• Users seeking minimal latency and very small codebase may prefer newer kernel-level protocols (e.g., WireGuard) for some use cases
• Reliance on external crypto libraries (OpenSSL and alternatives) increases the importance of timely dependency updates and security maintenance

OpenVPN remains a mature, feature-rich VPN implementation with a long history and broad platform support. It is suited to a wide range of secure tunneling needs but requires careful operational management for PKI and dependency security.

Cloudflared is the Cloudflare Tunnel client used to create and manage tunnels that expose local or private services to the Internet through Cloudflare's edge network.

It authenticates to your Cloudflare account and routes traffic from the Cloudflare network to your origin with TLS, providing an added layer of security and control.

Key Features

• Easy-to-install agent with low performance overhead
• Command-line configuration
• Built-in DDoS protection
• Load balancing across origin pools with Cloudflare Load Balancer
• Encrypted tunnels with TLS (origin-side certificates)
• Application and protocol-level error logging

Use Cases

• Provide secure remote access to internal applications via Cloudflare Access (Zero Trust)
• Quickly expose local development environments for previews using Quick Tunnels
• Improve remote performance and reliability with Argo Smart Routing across the Cloudflare network

Firezone is an open source zero-trust access platform designed to replace traditional VPNs with identity-aware, least-privilege connectivity. It uses WireGuard-based tunnels and a gateway/relay architecture to securely connect users to specific resources instead of whole networks.

Key Features

• Granular, group-based access policies for applications, subnets, and networks
• Peer-to-peer, end-to-end encrypted tunnels with NAT traversal (hole punching)
• Lightweight gateway component deployable in your infrastructure
• Optional relay (STUN/TURN) to facilitate connectivity when direct paths fail
• SSO and identity provider integration, including OIDC-based authentication
• Admin portal for managing users, resources, and policies
• Audit/activity logging for visibility and compliance needs

Use Cases

• Secure access to internal web apps, databases, and services without exposing networks
• Remote workforce connectivity as an alternative to OpenVPN-style VPN deployments
• Contractor or partner access with strict, least-privilege, policy-based controls

Limitations and Considerations

• Production self-hosting is not officially supported and internal APIs may change rapidly
• Officially distributed clients may not always be compatible with a custom self-hosted control plane build

Firezone fits teams that want a modern, identity-aware approach to private access with WireGuard performance characteristics and centralized policy management. It is especially useful when you need to reduce broad network access while keeping connectivity fast and manageable.

iodine is a tunnel application that transports IPv4 traffic through DNS, using a client and server to create a virtual network interface and route IP packets over DNS queries and replies. It is commonly used in constrained networks where direct internet access is blocked but DNS is still permitted.

Key Features

• Client/server IP-over-DNS tunnel using a TUN/TAP virtual interface
• Works across multiple platforms (Linux, BSDs, macOS, and Windows)
• Supports multiple DNS record types for transport, with autodetection for best throughput
• Automatic probing of fragment/packet sizes to optimize performance
• Challenge-response login and basic peer filtering to reduce unauthorized injection
• Can fall back to raw UDP tunneling when direct UDP to port 53 is possible

Use Cases

• Remote connectivity from restricted networks that only allow DNS traffic
• Creating a temporary backchannel for administration and troubleshooting
• Running a second-layer VPN or SSH-over-tunnel for more secure transport

Limitations and Considerations

• Carries IPv4 payload only; tunneled traffic is not encrypted by default
• Throughput is constrained and often asymmetric, depending on DNS relays and policies
• Client and server typically need matching versions due to protocol compatibility

iodine is a pragmatic tool for establishing connectivity over DNS when other protocols are blocked, offering portability and performance-focused DNS transport choices. For security-sensitive scenarios, it is best used as a transport for an encrypted layer such as VPN or SSH.

Pomerium is an identity- and context-aware access proxy that sits in front of applications to enforce Zero Trust access. It enables clientless access to internal web apps and services, applying policy to every request rather than relying on network perimeter trust.

Key Features

• Identity-aware access proxy for internal web apps and services
• Per-request authorization with continuous policy enforcement (not just session-based)
• Context-aware policies using signals like identity, time, and device context
• Works across cloud, hybrid, and on-prem environments without re-architecting apps
• Supports multiple identity types, including humans and non-human/service identities
• Audit-focused logging of access decisions to support compliance and investigations

Use Cases

• Replace or reduce reliance on traditional VPN access for internal applications
• Secure legacy apps that lack built-in authentication/authorization
• Enforce consistent, centralized access policy across mixed environments

Limitations and Considerations

• Requires integration with an identity provider and careful policy design to avoid overly-broad access
• Introducing a proxy layer may require planning for routing, certificates, and high availability in production

Pomerium is well-suited for teams that want identity-first, policy-based access controls for internal services. It provides a consistent way to secure applications and improve auditability while avoiding blanket network access typical of VPN-based approaches.

Defguard is an enterprise-grade zero-trust access management platform centered on WireGuard VPN with multi-factor authentication enforced at the VPN protocol level. It also provides integrated identity and SSO capabilities, designed for auditable, private deployments without relying on third-party cloud services.

Key Features

• WireGuard VPN with true connection-level 2FA/MFA (TOTP/email tokens, pre-shared keys) rather than web-only MFA
• Built-in OpenID Connect identity provider for SSO, plus support for external OIDC providers
• LDAP/Active Directory integration with synchronization for users and groups
• User, device, and group management with policy controls (RBAC-style administration)
• Remote user enrollment and onboarding flows, including client configuration distribution
• Forward-auth support for protecting applications behind reverse proxies
• Audit-focused operations with logs and visibility into connected users/devices

Use Cases

• Secure remote workforce access to private networks using WireGuard with enforced MFA
• Replace or complement an existing IdP by acting as an OIDC provider for internal apps
• Centralize user/device onboarding and access policies for multi-site VPN deployments

Defguard fits organizations that need a modern WireGuard-based VPN with strong identity and access controls, while keeping authentication and configuration fully under their own infrastructure.

ShellHub is a centralized SSH gateway that lets teams remotely access and manage Linux servers, containers and embedded devices using a web UI, mobile app or standard SSH clients. It aggregates devices behind a single gateway and provides centralized access controls, logging and session playback.

Key Features

• Native SSH access (supports OpenSSH/standard SSH clients) for web and terminal connections.
• Web-based terminal and mobile access with session recording and built-in replay player.
• Public-key authentication and configurable SSH firewall rules for granular access control.
• SCP/SFTP support and container (Docker) access integration for remote container management.
• Microservices deployment using Docker Compose; production guidance includes HTTPS/NGINX and persistent MongoDB volumes.

(github.com)

Use Cases

• Centralized remote administration of distributed Linux servers and IoT/embedded fleets.
• Secure remote troubleshooting and maintenance of Docker containers and edge devices.
• Compliance and auditing through recorded SSH sessions and audit logs for forensic review.

(shellhub.io)

Limitations and Considerations

• Certain advanced features (enterprise/cloud capabilities) vary by edition: HTTP/Web Endpoints, SAML improvements and some session-recording backend behaviors are highlighted as Enterprise/Cloud features in the project releases. Implementation and storage of large recordings can require S3-compatible storage (e.g., MinIO) for scale. (github.com)

• The recommended self-hosted deployment expects Docker Engine / Docker Compose and a MongoDB service; production setups require additional configuration for volumes, HTTPS termination and proxy protocol handling. (docs.shellhub.io)

ShellHub provides a focused, open-source platform to centralize SSH access for cloud, edge and IoT environments. It is available as a Community (open-source) edition plus paid Cloud and Enterprise editions that add managed and enterprise features.

Jauth is a compact SSL/TLS reverse proxy written in Go that protects self-hosted applications by requiring authorization before proxying traffic. It provides SSH- and Telegram-based login methods, optional single sign-on behavior, and can obtain certificates automatically or use self-signed/manual certificates.

Key Features

• Single static binary with minimal dependencies, designed for simple self-hosting
• TLS support via autogenerated self-signed certificates, manual certificates, or ACME/Let's Encrypt
• Authorization via an integrated SSH server (authorized_keys) and Telegram login widget validation
• Optional lightweight SSO: authenticated username is forwarded to backend via Remote-User header
• Per-domain configuration, domain-specific whitelists and optional per-domain Telegram users
• Whitelist-based access control and a NoAuth mode to act as a plain TLS proxy
• Stores authenticated sessions/tokens on disk for session persistence between restarts
• Defaults that let it run with minimal configuration while supporting custom TOML config

Use Cases

• Protect web interfaces and internal dashboards for self-hosted apps without adding app-level auth
• Provide a simple SSO/pass-through header for multiple services behind the same gateway
• Allow SSH key or Telegram-based access for teams that prefer key-based authentication or tokenless login flows

Limitations and Considerations

• Telegram-based login requires registering a bot and binding it to a domain (one bot per domain); Jauth validates tokens rather than using the Telegram bot API directly
• ACME certificate issuance is per-domain and may be delayed; logs may not always show issuance progress
• SSO is minimal (username is forwarded via header) and is not a full-featured identity provider or OIDC/SAML implementation
• Session tokens are stored in a local file; if running with dropped privileges or restricted filesystem access, token persistence or state saving may be affected

Jauth is focused on minimalism and pragmatic access control for self-hosted services. It is suitable when a lightweight, single-binary TLS proxy with SSH/Telegram authorization and simple SSO semantics is preferred over a full identity platform.

nforwardauth is a lightweight forward authentication service written in Rust that provides a single auth middleware for reverse proxies. It validates requests, issues signed auth tokens (cookies), and redirects unauthenticated users to a simple login page.

Key Features

• Forward-auth middleware compatible with common reverse proxies such as Traefik, Caddy, and nginx
• Uses a passwd file of usernames and hashed passwords (sha-512) for credential storage
• Issues signed authentication tokens/cookies using a configurable TOKEN_SECRET
• Optional downstream header (X-Forwarded-User) to pass authenticated identity
• Configurable cookie name, domain, secure flag, port, and pass-through behavior
• Built-in, configurable rate limiter to mitigate brute-force login attempts
• Distributed as a Docker image and usable with docker-compose; simple static login UI

Use Cases

• Protect multiple self-hosted web apps behind a single authentication wall
• Integrate a simple auth layer into Traefik/Caddy/nginx setups for homelabs and small deployments
• Provide password-based access control where a full identity provider is unnecessary

Limitations and Considerations

• Authentication is limited to username/password entries in a local passwd file; no built-in OIDC/SAML/OAuth providers
• No built-in CSRF protection as of current roadmap items
• Not intended as a full SSO or enterprise identity solution; focuses on minimalism and simplicity

nforwardauth is designed for minimal operational overhead and fast response times. It is well suited to homelab and small deployments that need a simple, centralized forward-auth layer without external identity provider integrations.

Bifröst is an advanced, SSH-protocol-compliant server designed as a modern bastion/jump host. It supports traditional public-key SSH authentication and OpenID Connect/OAuth2 identity providers, and can execute user sessions directly inside Docker containers or Kubernetes pods for isolated, ephemeral environments.

Key Features

• Full SSH protocol compatibility while supporting OpenID Connect/OAuth2 authentication alongside SSH keys
• Execute user sessions inside per-user Docker containers or directly inside Kubernetes pods
• Automatic user provisioning and cleanup based on configurable templates and idle timeouts
• "Remember me" behavior to temporarily cache provided public keys for faster reconnects during an active session
• Configurable execution environments with custom images, networks, and resource constraints
• Designed to replace OpenSSH as a bastion while integrating SSO identity providers for centralized access control

Use Cases

• Provide SSO-backed SSH access for developers, operators, or contractors without additional client tooling
• Offer ephemeral, isolated shells for diagnostics or support by launching users into containerized environments
• Grant direct access to a Kubernetes cluster by entering dedicated pods without port-forwarding or kubectl proxies

Limitations and Considerations

• Project is under active development; configuration model and CLI/API structure are reported as evolving and may change
• Not all enterprise features (advanced RBAC, extensive audit integrations) may be production-ready depending on deployment needs

Bifröst is suitable for teams that need SSO-integrated SSH access and ephemeral container/pod sessions. It combines SSH compatibility with modern identity and container orchestration workflows for streamlined, centrally-managed access.